Does anyone have any ideas for where I can get data on the number or percentage of speakers of a given language in the Russian Federation at some geographic level smaller than federal subject?
Preferably, the data should come from the 2010 census.
The 2010 Census results are available on the FSSS web site.
One should click on the Построить таблицу по итогам ВПН-2010 link in the left menu. The direct link is this, but referrer should be in the gks.ru domain.
Here below an example table which contains data on Tatar language speakers in my native town (~100 000 people) and in suburbs.
In the table above:
There is an Excel export capability.
Tables 7 and 9 of volume IV contain data by federal subject, and only most popular in a given federal subject languages are included.