Yes, there is: the Open Definition defines openness for data (and content). The Definition was produced in 2005, heavily based on the Open Source Definition, and revised minimally since.
The key part of the Open Definition states:
A dataset [work] is open if its manner of distribution satisfies the following conditions, which simultaneously delimit the characteristics of a suitable open license:
1. Access
The work shall be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably downloading via the Internet without charge. The work must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form. The license may require the work to be available in a convenient and modifiable form.
Comment: This can be summarized as 'social' openness - not only are you allowed to get the work but you can get it. 'As a whole' prevents the limitation of access by indirect means, for example by only allowing access to a few items of a database at a time. An example of 'reasonable reproduction cost' is the cost of a blank DVD required to distribute a complete database.
2. Redistribution
The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the work either on its own or as part of a package made from works from many different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale or distribution.
3. Reuse
The license must allow for modifications and derivative works and must allow them to be distributed under the terms of the original work.
Comment: Note that this clause does not prevent the use of 'viral' or share-alike licenses that require redistribution of modifications under the same terms as the original.
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7. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.
Comment: In order to get the maximum benefit from the process, the maximum diversity of persons and groups should be equally eligible to contribute to open knowledge. Therefore we forbid any open-knowledge license from locking anybody out of the process.
Comment: this is taken directly from item 5 of the OSD.
8. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the work in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the work from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research.
Comment: The major intention of this clause is to prohibit license traps that prevent open material from being used commercially. We want commercial users to join our community, not feel excluded from it.
Comment: this is taken directly from item 6 of the OSD.
(Disclosure: I helped draft the first version of the Open Definition and have helped curate it since along with other members of the Open Definition Advisory Council)
