The unique "primary key" of mobiles phones is the Type Allocation Code (TAC), which comes from the Groupe Speciale Mobile Association (GSMA):
Type Allocation Codes (TAC) are used to create International Mobile Equipment Identity numbers (IMEIs) for wireless devices. The IMEI is a unique 15 digit number and plays an important role in ensuring proper device operation on the network. The IMEI is defined and required by the GSM standards and is in daily use in networks globally.
The TAC is the first 8 digits of the IMEI code: 49-015420-323751
(source)
Unfortunately, as far as I know, the datasets are only available to members.
There are some efforts to compile this data in an open dataset, but the range and technical description seems limited. See, for example:
Public Research TAC Database: Last update was in 2011 unfortunately. Also it does not seem to contain info like width/CPU, only TAC number and phone name. Excerpt:
33010067; Alcatel; Radiotelephone ONE TOUCH POCKET