NCDRisC
There is an amazing academic project NCDRisC that deals with this kind of data. Check out the aggregated data sets that they distribute for free.
Also pay attention to the high quality papers that they published in top-ranked journals.
A century of trends in adult human height. eLife 2016, 5:e13410
European Soccer Database
Also, there is an amazing collection of soccer data published openly at Kaggle -- European Soccer Database.
Make sure you check the diverse examples of analysis of this dataset -- the so called kernels.
From the data source description:
What you get:
- +25,000 matches
- +10,000 players 11 European Countries with their lead championship
- Seasons 2008 to 2016
- Players and Teams' attributes* sourced from EA Sports' FIFA video game series, including the weekly updates
- Team lineup with squad formation (X, Y coordinates)
- Betting odds from up to 10 providers
- Detailed match events (goal types, possession, corner, cross, fouls, cards etc...) for +10,000 matches
IIHF ice-hockey players height
This is a small dataset that I gathered manually -- Ice hockey players at IIHF world championships, 2001-2016.
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3394735.v2
The dataset contains 6292 records of 3333 players' height and weight parameters at 16 world championships.
There is also a blog post with some analysis of this dataset
https://ikashnitsky.github.io/2017/ice-hockey-players-height/
This post is also available in Russian.